Assessment Tool Essay Example for Free

judging Tool attempt Assessment is an ongoing process that includes collecting, synthesizing and interpreting in fashionation about pupils, the classroom and their instruction. Testing is one form of assessment that, appropriately applied, systematic every(prenominal)y meas- ures skills such(prenominal) as literacy and numeracy. While it does non provide a oblige out picture, rendering is an important tool, for both its efficiency and ability to measure prescribed bodies of knowledge. Alternative or bona fide forms of assess- ment can be cultur all in ally sensitive and pose an alternative to test, but they require a big investment in establishing criteria forjudging development and training evaluators. Child assessment has value that goes well beyond measuring progress in children to evaluating programs, identifying staff development needs and planning future instruction. The girlisher the child, the to a greater extent difficult it is to obtain valid assessments .Early develop- ment is rapid, episodic and highly influenced by experience. Performance on an assessment is moved(p) by childrens emotional states and the conditions of the assessment. Policy Recommendations Require that measures included in an assess- ment be selected by qualified professionalsto ensure that they argon reliable, valid and appropriate for the children being assessed. Develop systems of analyses so that test advance atomic number 18 interpreted as part of a broader assessment that may include observations, portfolios, or ratings from teachers and/or p arnts. Base policy decisions on an evaluation of data that reflects all aspects of childrens development cognitive, emotional, social, and physical. Involve teachers and parents in the assess- ment process so that childrens behaviors and abilities can be understood in various context of uses and cooperative relationships among families and schooltime staff can befostered. Provide training for early childhood teachers and administrators to understand and inter- pret standardized tests and separate measures of learning and development. Emphasize precautions specific to the assessment of young children. NIEER Assessment of preschool-age children who may not reliably or uniformly respond to inquiry has been the subject of much debate. The growing emphasis on testing young children as a means of holding programs accountable for their learning has intensified the discussion. Though there are legitimate concerns regarding standardized testing, it and other forms of assessment are necessarycomponents of all high-quality early education programs. mightily conceived assessments are important to understanding and sup- porting young childrens development. They are also essential to documenting and evaluating how effectively programs are meeting young childrens educational needs. For assessments to be effective, they must be practical, cost-efficient and meet commonsensical standards of efficiency and validity. Testing usually involves a series of direct requests for children to perform, within a set tot of time, specific tasks designed and portion outed by adults. These tasks run by dint of predetermined answers.Alternative forms of assessment are more open-ended and often look at performance over an extended fulfilment. Examples include structured observations, portfolio analyses of individual and cooperative work, and teacher and parent ratings of childrens behavior. What Can Be Learned Assessment can provide the succeeding(a) four faces of study for and about children and their parents, teachers and programs Screen children to see if they need interventionparticularly when par- ents and teachers suspect a problem. Plan instruction for individuals and groups of children. Identify program improvement and staff development needs. Evaluate how well a program is meet- ing goals and needs for children. Data should be aggregated to determine whether desired outcomes are being achieved. why Assessment is Important Preschool Policy Facts Assessment is the process of collecting, synthesizing and interpreting information to aid classroom decision- devising. It includes information gathered about pupils, instruction and classroom climate. Testing is a formal, systematic procedure for gathering a sample of pupils behavior. The results of a test are used to make generalizations about how pupils would have performed on uniform but untested behaviors. Peter Airasian, Assessment in the Classroom 2 The quality of an assessment depends in part on decisions made before any meas- ure is administered to a child. Project designers should be able to apologise why specific measures are used and what they hope to learn from the results. Assess- ment strategies can be formal (standard- ized testing) or informal (observation, portfolios, teacher and parent ratings). The selection of a strategy is guided by the purposes and goals of the assess- ment and is also affected by the useable resources in terms of time, money and staff.Formal and informal assessmentstrategies each have strengths and weak- nesses. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment requires a multi-method approach in order to encompass the many dimensions of childrens skills and abilities. Standardized Testing Most rigid of assessment strategies, places the greatest constraints on chil- drens behavior. Considered objective, time- and cost-efficient, and suitable for making quantitative comparisons of aggregated data across groups. Preschoolers performance is highly influenced by childrens emotional states and experiences, sometimes causing unstable scores over time.Most individual tests of cognitiveability must be administered in a controlled, relatively quiet area. Observations Intrude minimally into childrens activities, which naturally comprise all dimension of development intellectual, motivational, social, physical, aesthetic, etc. Should be used to complete develop- me ntal scales of proven reliability and validity, they are not sufficient alone.Portfolios Involve multiple sources and methods of data collection, and occur over a representative period of time. A collection of student work, the process provides richer information than standardized tests. Encourage collaboration betweenstudents, teachers, and parents and integrate assessment with instruction and learning.Teacher Ratings Can be used to assess childrens cogni- tive and language abilities as well as social and emotional development. Can be specifically related to other types of assessments, including stan- dardized test scores, other validated assessment tools, or global assessments of childrens traits. Parent Ratings Encourage parents to observe and take heed to their children. Inform parents about the important behaviors and milestones in young childrens development and allows teachers to involve parents as partnersin assessment.Assessment Methods Preschool Policy Facts 3 Issue s and positions involving assessment are summarized in a document from the National association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) and the National Association of Early Childhood Specialists in State Departments of Education (NAECS/SDE) coroneted Early Childhood Curriculum, Assessment and Program Evaluation Building an Effective, Accountable System in Programs for Children consume through Age 8.Given the pervasive use of testing and its probable expansion, when and under what conditions can this type of assessment be used appropriately with preschool-agechildren? What characteristics of tests and their administration will guarantee that we do no accidental injury to children and that we do help adults acquire valid informa- tion? Also, given that even the most well-designed tests can provide only(prenominal) limited data, how can we maximize the use of non-test assessments so they add valuable information beyond that obtained through standardized testing procedures? To produce meaningful data and minimize the risk of creating a harmful situation, all assessment tools for preschool-age children, whether formal or informal, should satisfy the following criteria Assessment should not threaten childrens self-esteem, make them feel they have failed, or penalize them for what they do not know. Information should be obtained over time, or if time-distributed measurements are not feasible, unusual circumstances in the situation (e. g. , noise) or child (e. g. , fatigue) should be mention to avoid invalid, single-encounter results. Information should be obtained on the same content area from multiple and diverse sources, such as standardized tests, classroom observations and parent ratings, especially when repeated instances of data gathering are not feasible. The length of the assessment should be sensitive to young childrens interests and attention spans and therefore should probably not exceed 35-45 minutes. Testing for purposes of program accounta bility should be administered to a representative sample of students whenever feasible to boil down the overall time spent in testing and to minimize the chances for placing undue stress on children and commove on teachers and classrooms. Reliable and Valid Preschool Assessment To be reliable and valid, standardized testing should Contain sufficiency items to allow scores to represent this diverse range of indi-vidual ability, in order to identify and distinguish among children of low, ordinary and high levels of ability. Take place in a controlled environment that at least approximates the condi- tions experienced by the population on which the measure was standardized. Be administered by appropriately trained examiners who are familiar with testing materials and procedures and with working with young children.To obtain scores that resemble natural performance, informal assessments should Take place in or simulate the natural environment in which the behavior being evaluated occurs to avoid meas-uring the childs response to an artifi- cial environment rather than the childs ability to perform on the content. Be conducted by an assessor who is knowledgeable regarding the assess- ment materials and familiar with the children being assessed. When an outside researcher or evaluator must administer the assessment, it is best if the individual spends time in the classroom beforehand. Measure real knowledge in the context of real activities, resembling childrens ordinary activities as closely as possible. In addition, parent or teacher ratings should evaluate naturally occurringbehavior. Be conducted as a natural part of daily activities rather than as a time-added or pullout activity. This fact sheet is based on the policy brief Preschool AssessmentA Guide to Developing a Balanced Approach by Ann S. Epstein, Lawrence J. Schweinhart, Andrea DeBruin-Parecki and Kenneth B. Robin. The brief includes full references and is available at www. nieer. org. It was ma de possible by the generous support of The Pew Charitable Trusts. The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of The Pew Charitable Trusts. Preschool Policy Facts.